US & Canada Versions: 283 The Crafty Farmer
[Of the three related ballad types (see notes on first page above Child's Narrative) the one usually titled The Yorkshire Bite [Yorkshire trick] has had some circulation in the US and Canada. In this version the master's boy sets out to sell his cow. After selling the cow he is robbed and jumps on the robber's horse, riding home with the robber's bounty. The date can be documented back to at least the early 1800s in the US but oral circulation through the Williams family in Vermont (Flanders G) takes it back to the Revolutionary war period. According to Kittredge in 1917:
An American broadside of about 1820-30 has recently been acquired [Harvard library], "The Yorkshire Bright . . . Printed and Sold at No. 25, High Street, Providence, where are kept for sale 100 other kinds Songs."
After checking online, the broadside, The Yorkshire Bright, was printed in 1826 by Henry Trumbull and was "Printed and sold at the Book-Store No. 25, High Street, Providence."
Early traditional versions include the text from the Douglass MS, titled The Kennebec Bite and dated from 1841-1856, was published in "A Pioneer Songster." See second version. The date however can be traced through family lineage back to before the Revolutionary War. Euclid I. Williams of Vermont, born in 1859, learned a version from his grandfather John Williams who was born in 1776. John Williams father brough the ballad from Wales to the US before the Revolutionary War! See Flanders, version G.
The other ballad types have at least one example: Cox's West Virginia version is Child 283 and a variant of the Maid of Rygate or The Highwayman Outwitted or The Cheshire Farmer’s Daughter was collected in Canada by Greenleaf in 1929 titled "Highway Robber" and later in Canada by Peacock.
R. Matteson 2013]
CONTENTS:
The Yorkshire Bite- Williams (VT) pre1776 Flanders G
The Kennebec Bite- Douglass (NY) c.1841 Thompson
Silly Old Man- Pickens (WV) c.1865 Cox 1916
The Yorkshire Bite- Watson (MA) 1889 Child
The Yorkshire Bite- H.J.C. (MA) 1908 Barry
Selling the Cow- Gainer (WV) c.1924 Combs-Wootfer
The Wise Farmer- Gainer (WV) pre1975 Gainer
A Yorkshire Bite- Anon (NC) pre1923 Minish Brown A
Farmer John Robbed the Robbers- Grogan (NC) 1922
A Yorkshire Bite- Anon (NC) pre1943 Brown Vol. 4
The Yorkshire Boy- DeCoster (ME) 1925 Barry A
Jack & the Highwayman- Marston 1926 (ME) Barry B
The New Hampshire Bite- Young (ME) 1929 Barry C
John Sold the Cow Well- Tuggle (MI) 1931 Gardner
The Yorkshire Bite- Johnson (NC) 1930 Henry A
The Yorkshire Bite- Tucker (TN) 1930 Henry B
The Yorkshire Bite- Harmon (GE-TN) 1931 Henry C
The Oxford Merchant- Ford (WI-CA) 1938 Cowell
The Crafty Boy- Endacott (NL) 1929 Greenleaf
The Yorkshire Boy- Britton (VT) 1943 Flanders A
The Yorkshire Boy- Davis (VT) 1945 Flanders B
The Yorkshire Boy- Day (NH) 1941 Flanders C
The Yorkshire Bite- Edwards (VT) 1933 Flanders D
The Yorkshire Boy- Lawrence (VT) 1956 Flanders E
The Yorkshire Bite- Rogers (NH) c.1840 Flanders F
In London There Did Dwell- Lewis (ME) 1948 Flanders H
The Yorkshire Bite- Wade (VT) 1934 Flanders I
Hampshire Bite- Harvey (VT) 1933 Flanders J
The Yorkshire Bite- Moore (VT-QC) 1930 Flanders K
The Crafty Farmer- Merrill (NH) 1931 Flanders L
The Yorkshire Bite- Sullivan (VT) 1939 Flanders M
The Yorkshire Bite- Taggart (MA) 1940 Flanders N
The Yorkshire Bite- Moses (NH) 1942 Flanders O
Selling the Cow- Bertrand (KY) 1953 Roberts
Well Sold The Cow- Henneberry (NS) 1932 Creighton
Old Spotted Cow- Wagner (NY) pre1982 Cazden
Well Sold The Cow- Gallagher (NS) 1950 Creighton
Sold The Cow Well- Albin (KY) c.1970s Tradsinger
The Highway Robber- Edison (NL) 1929 Greenlief
Commentary Coffin 1950; Kittredge 1917 (Bottom of page)
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The Yorkshire Boy - Var A (Collected by Peacock) w/lyrics
See also: The Crafty Boy (Published in the Digital Tradition)
Click to jump down to Variant B.
Click to jump down to Variant C.
There was an old farmer in Yorkshire did dwell,
And a pretty little Yorkshire boy he had as well,
And a pretty little Yorkshire boy he had for his man
And for to do his business, his name it was John.
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
One day he called unto his man John,
And unto the farmer young John did come.
"Here is an old cow, you will take her to the fair,
She's in proper good order I vow and declare."
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
Jack went to the barn and he opened the door,
He led out the cow with the rope on her horns.
He had not been long gone when he met with three men,
And he sold them the cow for six pounds ten.
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
The day being warm he stopped for to drink,
And to the landlord he paid down his jink;
And turning to the landlord this he did say:
"What shall I do with my money, I pray?"
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
"Sew it in the lining of your coat," said he,
"For fear on the highway it's robbed you might be."
Said a man to himself oh a-drinking up his wine,
Said he to himself, "That money will be mine."
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
Jack put the money in his coat so safe,
And he walked along till it was quite late.
Said the robber to himself, "There's plenty of time,
I'll just sit here and finish my wine."
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
Then he jumped on his horse and away did ride,
Till four miles further young Jack he spied
Saying, "If you want to ride just jump up behind."
"Oh thank you," said Jack, "you are so very kind."
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
They rod' till they came to some dark lane,
Said the robber unto Jack, "I must tell you plain,
Deliver up your money without any strife,
Or instantly I will end your life."
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
Without any dispute Jack did as he was told,
From the lining of his coat he took all the gold,
From the lining of his coat all the money he pulled out,
And among the long grass he scattered it about.
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
Oh, the robber alighted down from his horse,
But little did he think it was to his loss,
And while he was gathering the money in his purse,
The boy jumped on horse-back, rod' off with his horse.
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
The robber cried out, "Stop, thief, stop!"
But Jack did not listen and away did hop.
It's home to his master he now did bring
Both bridle and saddle and many a fine thing.
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
Oh the girls they were standing in to the door,
They soon called the master all with a great roar.
The master he came out with an oath and a curse,
"My old cow she has been turned into a horse!"
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
Said the boy to his master, "I must tell you plain,
It's robbed I was in some dark lane,
While the robber was gathering the money in his purse
For to make up the remainder I brought home his horse."
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
Said the master to the boy, "You are not very old,
And being but a boy you were very bold,
And as for the villain you served him just right,
And your name shall be known through Yorkshire bright."
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
In the pocket of the saddle 'twas there to be behold,
Five thousand pounds in silver and gold,
A brace of pistols and jewels, I vow.
Said the master, "Young John, you have well sold the cow."
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
Said the master to young John, "I must tell you clear,
Three parts of that money you shall have for your share.
And as for the villain who lost all his store
Oh he can go and rob until he gets more!"
To me right fall the rall the dall, the right fall the day.
This variant was collected in 1960 from Leaonard Hulan of Jeffrey's, NL, by Kenneth Peacock and published in Songs Of The Newfoundland Outports, Volume 1, pp.33-35, by the National Museum of Canada (1965) Crown Copyrights Reserved.
Kenneth Peacock noted that much of the text of variant A was taken from a fourteen-verse variant by George Decker of Rocky Harbour, NL. Most other variants are of the shorter type like B and C below.
The Yorkshire Boy - Var B (Collected by Peacock) w/lyrics
Click to jump up to Variant A.
Click to jump down to Variant C.
'Tis of an old farmer in London did dwell,
He had just one daughter and I loved her well;
When his cattle was gathered they had one to spare,
Saying, "Johnny, my boy, you must go to the fair."
Jack sung, "Fall the doll, fall the doll day."
He went to the barn and he opened the door,
He led out the cow with the rope on her horns,
And on his way going he met with three men,
Jack sold them the cow for sixteen pounds ten.
Jack sung, "Fall the doll, fall the doll day."
He went to the landlord and this he did say,
"Oh Where shall l hide all my money away?"
"You may sew it up in your coat-lining," said he,
"For feared on the way some robbers you'd see."
Jack sung, "Fall the doll, fall the doll day."
As Jack was out going along his own way,
He met with three robbers and this they did say:
"Come deliver up your money without any strife,
Or else with this knife I'll take your damned life."
Jack sung, "Fall the doll, fall the doll day."
Wrapped up in his coat-lining the money pulled out,
'Twas there on the ground where it was scattered about;
As the robbers was picking it up in their purse,
Jack said not one word but he jumped on their horse.
Jack sung, "Fall the doll, fall the doll day."
The robbers roared out and they bid him to stay,
Jack said not one word but he rode on his way,
Straight up to his master and this he did bring:
Horse, bridle and saddle, 'twas a very fine thing.
Jack sung, "Fall the doll, fall the doll day."
Wrapped up in the saddle and there did behold
A very large fortune of silver and gold,
Three braces of pistols, and jewels, I vow,
Saying, "Johnny, my boy, you've a-well sold the cow."
Jack sung, "Fall the doll, fall the doll day."
"Oh now for your bravery and courage today,
Now half of this money must go to your pay,
I will give you my daughter to make her your wife,
And you can crack on her all the rest of your life."
Jack sung, "fall the doll, fall the doll day."
This variant was collected in 1958 from Freeman Bennett of St. Paul's, NL by Kenneth Peacock and published in Songs Of The Newfoundland Outports, Volume 1, pp.36-37, by the National Museum of Canada (1965) Crown Copyrights Reserved.
Kenneth Peacock noted that in another, very similar, eight-verse variant collected in 1959 from Mrs. Clara Stevens of Bellburns, NL, the last line reads:
"And you can play hop-scotch all the rest of your life."
The Yorkshire Boy - Var C (Collected by Leach) w/lyrics
Click to jump up to Variant A.
Click to jump up to Variant B.
There was an old farmer in London did dwell
He had but one servant whose name it was John
The cows they were gathered, he had one to spare
Saying, "Johnnie, my boy, you must go to the fair."
Jackson, fol-de-rol, fol-de-rol dee.
He went down to the barn and threw open the door
And took out a cow, put a rope on her horns.
On his way to the market he met with three men
And he sold the milch cow for sixteen pound ten.
Jackson, fol-de-rol, fol-de-rol dee.
He went straight to the sheriff and this he did say,
"Where shall l put all this money away?"
"Sew it up in your overcoat lining," said he,
Afraid on the highway a robber may be.
Jackson, fol-de-rol, fol-de-rol dee.
Jack drove on home till he came to a lane
"And now," said a man, "I'll tell you here plain
Deliver your money without any strife
Or else with this knife I will end your sweet life."
Jackson, fol-de-rol, fol-de-rol dee.
He ripped open the lining, the money pulled out,
Among the long grass it scattered about;
While the robber was picking it up in his purse,
Jack made no delay, only drove with his horse.
Jackson, fol-de-rol, fol-de-rol dee.
He bawled and he shouted and he bid him to stay,
Jack made no delay but he drove on his way,
Drove home to his master without saying a thing,
A horse, bridle and saddle a valuable thing.
Jackson, fol-de-rol, fol-de-rol dee.
"And now by your honour and bravery this day
Half of this money to you I will pay.
I'll give you my daughter to be your fine wife
And you can live happy the rest of you life."
Jackson, fol-de-rol, fol-de-rol dee.
MacEdward Leach collected this variant in 1951 from Frank Knox of St. Shott's, NL, and it was published in MacEdward Leach And The Songs Of Atlantic Canada © 2004 Memorial University of Newfoundland Folklore and Language Archive (MUNFLA).
Another variant was also collected by MacEdward Leach, and published as #60, The Yorkshire Bite, in Folk Ballads And Songs Of The Lower Labrador Coast by The National Museum of Canada (Ottawa, 1965) Crown Copyrights Reserved.
####.... Author unknown. The three ballads above are all variants of an 18th century British broadside ballad, The Yorkshire Bite [Laws L1] American Balladry From British Broadsides, pp.73-79 (G. Malcolm Laws,1957). Also variants of The Crafty Farmer [Child ballad #283] The English And Scottish Popular Ballads (1882-1898) edited by Francis James Child (Dover, 1965). And also variants of a 19th century British broadside ballad, Crafty Ploughboy; or The Highwayman Outwitted, published by H. Such (London) sometime between 1849 and 1862, and archived at the Bodleian Library Broadside Ballads, shelfmark: Firth c.17(18)
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Recorded on Folk Legacy by Margaret Christl & Ian Robb.
(from memory)
There was an old farmer in Yorkshire did dwell,
Had Jack for a servant - and that you know well.
The cows being gathered, he had one to spare.
Says:"Johnny, my boy, you must go the the fair".
cho: and sing fal-de-rol-day
So in through the glaire and out through the glen,
Jack led the cow on with a rope in his hand.
And on the way there, he met with 3 men,
And he sold them the cow for 16 pound-ten.
sing fal-de-rol-day
"When come to an old woman, he to her did say,
"Where shall I put all me money away?"
"Into you coat lining" to his she did say,
"For fear on the road, some robber might be!"
sing fal-de-rol-day
A little bit further, came to a dark lane,
And out jumped a robber, I'll tell you in plain.
"Deliver your money without any strife,
Or with this broad sword, I'll take your sweet life!"
sing fal-de-rol-day
Ripped open the lining, the money fell out,
And down on the ground it went rolling about.
While the robber was picking it up in his purse,
Jack made no delay, but leapt on his horse.
sing fal-de-rol-day
The robber bawled out- he bade Jack to stay.
Jack made no reply, but sped on his way.
Straight home to his own master's house he did go,
With a saddle & bridle instead of a cow.
sing fal-de-rol-day
His master came out all in a great rush:
Says "Johnny, me boy, me cow's turned to a horse!"
"Oh master, oh master, your cow I have sold,
"But I have been robbed of the silver & gold!"
sing fal-de-rol-day
Ripped open the saddle, and there to behold;
Five thousand pounds in silver & gold!
Besides, two brass pistols- and the farmer did vow:
"Johnny, me boy, you have well sold the cow!"
sing fal-de-rol-day
"And so, for your brave and your honorable day,
"Half of this money shall come to your pay!
"Besides, me own daughter to be your sweet wife.
"And she shall be yours, all the days of your life!"
and sing fal-de-rol-day
(when singing this, I always assume the old woman TOLD the robber where to look... and that they were probably related)
(also... I am always bemused at songs & stories where girls were given as prizes. In this case, I assume the farmer wanted to keep ALL the money 'in the family'.) Bill D Mudcat forum
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The Rich Merchant's Daughter (Collected by Kenneth Peacock)
See also: The Maid Of Rygate (Collected by William Hugh (W.H.) Logan)
It was of a rich merchant in London
With plenty of corn to be sold,
He sent out his daughter to market
To receive every penny in gold.
She sewed the gold up in her saddle,
For fear of some danger she'd find;
She sewed the gold up in her saddle,
And that was good leather well-lined.
She sewed the gold up in her saddle,
And started home on the highway;
By chance a young man came to meet her,
He bade this fair damsel to stay.
Three blows of his whistle he gave her,
A pistol he clasped to her breast,
Saying, "Deliver your gold, oh my darling,
Or else you will die of protest."
This fair pretty damsel get[sic] frightened,
And so did old dobbin, her steed;
'Twas down from his back she alighted,
Old dobbin trot off with great speed.
He stripped this young maiden stark naked,
Gave her his own horse to hold;
'Twas there she stood shivering and shaking,
Like anyone dying of cold.
The fair pretty damsel took courage,
While he was in search of his prey;
She said, "It's no time to stand idle,
I'll show you a trick on highway."
From stirrup to saddle she mounted,
She swung her legs 'cross like a man;
She put the thief's horse at a gallop,
Saying, "Catch me now, rogue, if you can."
He ran and he puffed and he shouted;
He ran and he puffed and he blowed,
Saying, "Come back my pretty fair darling,
And I will give you your clothes."
"My clothing it's not of much value,
You may keep it kind sir, if you please."
He ran and he puffed and he shouted,
Till his boots they did anchor his knees.
She rode over mountains and valleys,
And places she knew very well;
She left him a trifle in fortune,
With about five shillings to tell.
She rode over hills and o'er meadows,
Arrived home about twelve o'clock;
Her daddy was terribly frightened,
To see her ride home in her smock.
She put her thief's horse in the stable,
And in his portmantle she found,
Some hundreds of sparkling diamonds,
The value of ten thousand pounds.
"Now you will take five thousand pounds dad,
And I will take five thousand more,
I think that's a suitable fortune,
To keep the great wolf from the door."
####.... Author unknown. Variant of a British broadside ballad, The Highwayman Outwitted [Laws L2] American Balladry From British Broadsides (G. Malcolm Laws, 1957). Also a variant of a 19th century British broadside ballad, The Highwayman Outwitted By The Farmer's Daughter, published by J. Pitts (London) sometime between 1802 and 1819, and archived at the Bodleian Library Broadside Ballads, shelfmark: Harding B 25(844) ....####
This variant was collected in 1952 in St. John's, NL, from Gordon Willis of Fogo, NL, by Kenneth Peacock and published in Songs Of The Newfoundland Outports, Volume 1, pp.226-228, by the National Museum of Canada (1965) Crown Copyrights Reserved.
A similar variant was collected in 1929 from George Edison of Fleur de Lys, NL, and published as #21, on pp.47-48, with the title The Highway Robber in Ballads And Sea Songs Of Newfoundland, by Elisabeth Bristol Greenleaf and Grace Yarrow Mansfield (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, ©1933; Folklore Associates, Hatboro, Pennsylvania, ©1968, all rights reserved).
A variant was also collected by William Hugh (W.H.) Logan, editor, and published as The Maid Of Rygate (A Pedlar's Pack Of Ballads And Songs, With Illustrative Notes, pp.133-136, 1869, William Paterson, Edinburgh, 1869).
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Coffin, 1950:
283. THE CRAFTY FARMER
Texts: The Crafty Farmer; Barry, Brit Bids Me, 477 (trace) / Cox, F-S South, 166. The Yorkshire Bite: Barry, Brit Bids Me, 406 / Brown Coll / Combs, F-S Etats-Unis, 149 / Creighton, Sgs Bids N Sc, 29 / Flanders, Cntry Sgs Ft, 26 / Flanders, New On Mt Sgstr, 97 / Flanders, Vt F-S Blds : 234 / Gardner and Chickering, Bids Sgs So Micb, 382 / Greenleaf and Mansfield, Bids Sea Sgs Newfdld, 46 / Henry, F-S So Hgblds, 135 / JAFL, XXIII, 451 ; XXX, 3675 XLV, 30 / Sandburg, Am Sgbag 118. The Maid of Rygate; Greenleaf and Manfield, Bids Sea Sgs Newfdld, 47.
Local Titles: None given.
Jack and the Highwayman, John Sold the Cow Well, Robber Song, Selling the Cow, The Crafty Ploughboy, The London Mason, The New Hampshire Bite, The Yorkshire Bite, The (Little) Yorkshire Boy, The Highway Robber.
Story Types: A: The Crafty Farmer. A fanner is going to pay His rent when a gentleman thief overtakes him. As they ride along, the farmer, through conversation, reveals the large amount of money that he is carrying on him. He even reveals the hiding-place of the money in his saddle-bags, The thief then pulls a pistol. However, the fanner throws an old saddle-bag over a hedge and, when the robber goes after this decoy, rides off upon the culprit's horse. The desperate thief offers to split fifty-fifty with the farmer, if the latter will only come back. This proposition is ignored, and the farmer goes to the landlord, pays his rent, and finds a lot more money in the robber's portmanteau. On his way home, the farmer finds his own horse tied to a tree. At home, his wife runs about the house in glee when she hears the news.
Examples: Cox.
B: The Torkshire Bite: A boy is robbed after having sold a cow in town for a farmer. The thief had overheard the lad ask for advice as to where to hide the money and had watched a tavern barmaid sew the cash in his coat-lining. Instead of giving the thief the money, the boy spreads it on the grass. When the robber dismounts to pick it up, the lad rides off on the thief's horse. He and the farmer split the loot stored in the robber's saddle-bags, keep the horse, and rejoice. In some texts, the farmer is so happy he gives the boy his daughter as a wife.
Examples: Barry (A): Greenleaf and Mansfield, p. 46; Combs.
C: Mail of Rygate: Here, a heroine, stripped naked and robbed by a bandit, rides off astraddle his horse. She is on her way home from market with gold for her father who has sold some land. As in the other songs, she finds a fortune among the thief's possessions.
Examples: Greenleaf and Mansfield, p. 47.
Discussion: The Crafty Farmer itself is rare indeed in America. Cox, F-S South, prints a West Virginia text that is almost identical to Child A, although there are eight additional lines in the American text that do not affect the story and a rearrangement of stanzas in the final stages of the song. Barry, Brit Bids Me, 477 notes that the same text was recognized by a Maine sea-captain as a song his sailors used to sing.
The usual ballads of a duped thief belong, in America, to the Yorkskire Bite series. See Logan's Pedlar's Pack, 131. This song (1769) is older in print than The Crafty Farmer (1796), and both are members of a large group of similar tales. See Child, V, 129. See also Greenleaf and Mansfield, Bids Sea Sgs Newfdld, 47 where an American version of The Maid of Rygate (Logan's Pedlar's Pack, 133) is printed under the title The Highway Robber.
For a detailed discussion of The Yorkshire Bite and for an anecdote that runs parallel to The Crafty Farmer, see JAFL, XXIII, 45 iff. A bite is a shrewd trick played on a person in this case like those tricks for which the people of Yorkshire are famous. There are also Kennebec, South Carolina, and New Hampshire bites mentioned in this country. See NTFLQ, IV, 179 and Flanders, New Gn Mt Sgstr, 97. The American refrains are nonsense lines.
____________________
Kittredge- JOAFL 1917
THE YORKSHIRE BITE (THE CRAFTY PLOUGHBOY)
The favorite broadside ballad of "The Yorkshire Bite" or "The Crafty Ploughboy" was duly registered by Child (5: 129) as a parallel to "The Crafty Farmer" (No. 283), though not a version of it. [3] Barry published a fragmentary copy, obtained in Boston from singing, in this Journal, 1910 (23 :451-452), with the tune, and added an amusing and instructive traditional tale. A better text, from the Child MSS., is given below; it was sent to Child in 1889. Professor F. C. Brown (p. 7) reports (1914) the ballad as collected by Mrs. John C. Campbell of Asheville, N.C. [4] Dr. Bertrand L. Jones has found it in Michigan.
"The Crafty Ploughboy" (sometimes with a sub-title, "The Highwayman Outwitted") occurs in the following Harvard broadsides: 25242.17, i, 86 (G. Jacques, Manchester); same, iii, 49 (J. Kendrew, York); iv, 153 (W. R. Walker, Newcastle-upon-Tyne); ix, 113 (John O. Bebbington, Manchester, and J. Beaumont, Leeds, No. 117); xii, 64 (H. Such, No. 217); 25242.28 (no imprint); Irish broadside in lot of Aug. 31, 1916 ("The Robber Outwitted"). An American broadside of about 1820-30 has recently been acquired, "The Yorkshire Bright . . . Printed and Sold at No. 25, High Street, Providence, where are kept for sale 100 other kinds Songs."
It is still sung in England: see "Journal of Folk-Song Society," 2: 174-176 ("The Lincolnshire, or Yorkshire, Farmer"). Greig has found the piece in oral circulation in Scotland ("Yorkshire Farmer," "Folk-Song of the North-East," xxxv).
Footnotes:
3. "The Crafty Farmer" itself has not yet turned up in this country. It was published, however, in The Universal Songster, or Museum of Mirth (London, 1825-26; also 1834), a : 357-358, — a book whose title was copied by C. Gaylord, Boston, 1835.
4. Compare JAFL 28: 199.
5. Printed by Child. No. 188 F (3: 494).