57A. William Guiseman (Appendix- Bronson)
[Bronson gives the related ballads of "Brown Robyn's Confession" in an Appendix. Child mentions three related ballads which I've designated Child A-C and I've included his narrative from his headnotes below. The ballad titles include in my index are:
William Grismond's Downfal [The Downfall Of William Grismond]- (designated Child A)
William Guiseman- (designated Child B)
Captain Glen ["Captain Glen's Unhappy Voyage to New Barbary"]- (designated Child C)
Sir William Gower
The New York Trader
William Ismael
The earliest version is the broadside 'William Grismond's Downfal,' of 1650, which is transcribed among the Percy papers, from Ballard's collection. It was reprinted as "The Downfall Of William Grismond," see text from The Roxburghe Ballads below.
I've titled this William Guiseman after the traditional version from Ancient Scottish Ballads, edited by George Ritchie Kinloch 1827 [Child B]. "Captain Glen's Unhappy Voyage to New Barbary," another early broadside from 1794 (and traced back to c. 1770s), has a tune included in Motherwell's Minstresy.
The US and Canada versions are found attached to this page on a separate page.
R. Matteson 2012, 2014]
CONTENTS:
1. Child's Narrative
2. Bronson's Narrative
3. Bronson's List of Variants
4. Child's Ballad Texts A-C
5. The Downfall Of William Grismond 1651 [From The Roxburghe Ballads]
6. William Guiseman
7. Captain Glen's Unhappy Voyage to New Barbary [Broadside c. 1794]
8. Cohen's notes
ATTACHED PAGES (see left hand column):
1. Recordings & Info: William Guiseman/Captain Glen
A. Roud 478: William Guiseman (80 listings)
2. Sheet Music: William Guiseman/Captain Glen (Bronson's music examples and texts)
3. US & Canadian Versions
4. English and Other Versions (Including Child versions A-C with additional notes)]
Child's Narrative
[This brief description is supplied by Child in his narrative to 57. Brown Robyn's Confession]
The casting of lots to find out the guilty man who causes trouble to a ship occurs in William Guiseman, Kinloch's Ancient Scottish Ballads, p. 156, Kinloch Manuscripts, V, 43, a copy, improved by tradition, of the "lament" in 'William Grismond's Downfal,' a broadside of 1650, which is transcribed among the Percy papers, from Ballard's collection.
Captain Glen is thrown overboard without a lot, on the accusation of the boatswain, and with the happiest effect; broadside in the Roxburghe collection, Logan's Pedlar's Pack, p. 47, Kinloch Manuscripts, V, 278.
Bronson's Narrative
Buchan is the only authority for "Brown Robyn's Confession" and no tunes has been preserved. More than one ballad, however, has been in oral circulation during the last century on the theme of a supernatural storm at sea visiting retribution on a wicked man.In their present shape, these are all palpably late, and there is no need for surprise that Child preferred "Brown Robyn," which bears upon it the marks of a far higher antiquity, or a "deeper lore."
Nevertheless, as in the case of "Earl Brand" (Child No. 7) and its broadside counterpart, at least one of the secondary ballads has a respectable age of its own. "The Downfall of William Grisman" is extant on a broadside of 1650; and it has been continued in oral tradition as "William Guiseman" and "Captain Glen" or "Sir William Gower," and latterly also as "The
New York Trader," down to our day. There is justification, therefore, for giving place to exemplars of these ballads as modern representatives of an ancient theme.
Bronson's List of Variants
Group A
1. William Guiseman- Kinloch 1827
2. William Guiseman- Christie 1881
Group B
3. Captain Glen
4. Captain Glen
5. William Glen
6. Captain Glen
7. Captain Glen
Group C
8. Sir William Gower
9. Sir William Gower
Group D
10. "The New York Trader" E. J. Moeran; JFSS 1922
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Ancient Scottish ballads: recovered from tradition and never before ... edited by George Ritchie Kinloch 1827
WILLIAM GUISEMAN
My name is William Guiseman,
In London I do dwell;
I have committed murder,
And that is known right well;
I have committed murder,
And that is known right well,
And it's for mine offence I must die.
I lov'd a neighbour's dochter,
And with her I did lie;
I did dissemble with her
Myself to satisfy;
I did dissemble with her
Myself to satisfy,
And it's for mine offence I must die.
Sae cunningly's I kept her,
Until the fields war toom;[1]
Sae cunningly's I trysted [2] her
Unto yon shade o' broom;
And syne. I took my wills o' her,
And then I flang her doun,
And it's for mine offence I must die.
Sae cunningly's I kill'd her
Who should have been my wife;
Sae cursedly's I kill'd her,
And with my cursed knife:
Sae cursedly's I kill'd her,
Who should have been my wife,
And it's for mine offence I must die.
Six days she lay in murder
Before that she was found;
Six days she lay in murder
Upon the cursed ground;
Six days she lay in murder,
Before that she was found;
And it's for mine offence I must die.
O all the neighbours round about,
They said it had been I:—
I put my foot on gude shipboard,
The country to defy;
The ship she wadna sail again,
But hoisted to and fro;
And it's for mine offence I must die.
O up bespak the skipper boy,
I wat he spak too high;
"There's sinful men amongst us,
The seas will not obey:"
O up bespak the skipper boy,
I wat he spak too high;
And it's for mine offence I must die.
O we cuist cavels[3] us amang,
The cavel fell on me;
O we cuist cavels us amang,
The cavel fell on me;
O we cuist cavels us amang,
The cavel fell on me:
And it's for mine offence I must die.
I had a loving mother,
Who of me took gret care,
She wad hae gien the gold sae red
T' have bought me from that snare
But the gold could not be granted—
The gallows pays a share—
And it's for mine offence I must die.
1. toom=empty
2. trysted=enticed
3. Cuist cavels—cast lots. See note p. 126.
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The Roxburghe ballads, Volume 8 By William Chappell, Ballad Society 1897
The Downfall Of William Grismond, 1651.
Hesperus.—" Dead art thou, Floribel? . . . All cold and still.
Her very tresses stiffen in the air.
Look, what a face: had our first mother worn
But half such beauty, when the Serpent came,
His heart, all malice, would have turned to love.
No hand but this, which I do think was once
Cain the arch-murderer's, could have acted it.
And I must hide these sweets, not in my bosom,
In the foul earth. She shudders at my grasp;
Just so she laid her head across my bosom
When first—oh, villain! Which way lies the grave?"
— The Bride's Tragedy, act iii. sc. 3.
HISTORY repeats itself, we are told. It is not strange that this narrative of a murder done by a heartless seducer on the humble victim of his sensual passion, when he had become weary of her and was tempted towards a richer marriage with the consent of his parents, should so closely resemble the modern repetition of it, in real life, which afforded subject-matter for the beautiful poetic drama entitled 'The Bride's Tragedy? wherewith Thomas Lovell Beddoes, a minor, and undergraduate of Pembroke College, Oxford, in 1822, made a reputation for himself, securing without effort a just laudation in vol. xxxviii. of the Edinburgh Review (No. 75, in .February, 1823, the critique written by Bryan Waller Proctor, better known to the outside world as 'Barry Cornwall' the songster). Beddoes wrote 'Death's Jest-Book; or, The Fool's Tragedy,' before 1850. He relates the foundation of his earlier drama (not intended for the stage) in the Dedication, signed :—Thomas Lovell Beddoes.
"The following scenes were founded upon facts which occurred at Oxford, and are well detailed and illustrated by an interesting ballad in a little volume of Poems, lately published at Oxford, entitled The Midland Minstrel, by Mr. Gillet, and may thus be succinctly narrated: [Thomas Gillet, Oxford, 1822 ]
"The Manciple of one of the Colleges early in the last century had a very beautiful daughter, who was privately married to a student without the knowledge of the parents on either side.
During the Long Vacation subsequent to this union tho husband was introduced to a young lady, who was at the same time proposed as his bride: absence, the fear of his father's displeasure, the presence of a lovely object, and, most likely, a natural fickleness of disposition, overcame any regard he may have cherished for his ill-fated wife, and finally he became deeply enamoured of her unconscious rival. In the contest of duties and desires, which was the consequence of this passion, the worst part of man prevailed, and he formed and executed a design almost unparalleled in the annals of crime.
"His second nuptials were at hand when he returned to Oxford, and to her who was now an obstacle to his happiness. Late at night he prevailed upon his victim to accompany him to a lone spot in the Divinity Walk, and there murdered and buried her. The wretch escaped detection, and the horrid deed remained unknown till he confessed it on his death-bed. The remains of the unfortunate girl were dug up in the place described, and the Divinity Walk was deserted and demolished as haunted ground. Such are the outlines of a Minor's Tragedy."
Of the haunting beauty of this poem, rich in the charm of the earlier drama which held unchallenged the highest place in our English literature during the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., we may not linger. A glowing promise of excellence was given by this youth, Beddoes; one never fully redeemed, the failure being caused by no degeneracy or lack of power, but by some untoward events having early saddened his life and thwarted his best hopes, so that in an erratic pursuit of science in Continental travel lie well-nigh forsook the more imaginative studies he had loved, and only by fragmentary or scattered verses, at long intervals, revealed to a few friends of what his genius was still capable. It was almost as though in him his own Hesperus had survived, full of remorse and sorrow, a blighted life, too quickly ending, 1849, not without suspicion of death having been hastened by his own impatience.
"And where poor Lucy's corpse was laid,
'Tis said a ghost is known to stalk;
Till College beau and city maid
Have flown their wonted favourite walk."
—Lucy, in Thomas Gillet's Midland Minstrel, 1822.
***Probably suggested by the same event is the long narrative entitled 'The Oxfordshire Tragedy; or, the Virgin's Advice,' an Aldermary Church-yard Garland (Hoxburghe Collection, III. 750), in Two Parts. It begins thus:—
"Young Virgins fair, of beauty bright, and you that are of Cupid's fold,
Unto my tragedy give ear, for 'tis as true as e'er was told:
In Oxfordshire a lady fair, the daughter of a worthy Knight,
A gentleman that lived near was euamour'd of this beauty bright.
Mosanna was this maiden's name, the flower of fair Oxfordshire;
This gentleman a-courting came, begging of her to be his dear.
Her kind heart to love inclin'd, young Cupid bending of his bow,
And left a fatal dart behind, that prov'd her fatal overthrow.
Within a pleasant grove they walk'd, and valleys where the lambs did play;
Sweet pleasant tales of love they talk'd, for to pass the long Summer's day."
Finding her unwilling to yield, he draws his sword and threatens to kill himself. She is terrified and swoons at his feet.
"This Innocent he did betray to shame, full sore against her chaste desire;
True love is a celestial flame, but flames of lust a raging fire.
But when her senses did revive, he many vows and oaths did make,
That he'd for ever true remain, and her"company not forsake."
He betrays her doubly, for be speedily deserts her, and insults her when she claims his help to shelter her from coming exposure. He fears that punishment may come on him, when her parents learn the truth. He watches her until he finds that she habitually retires to a private bower; he there digs her grave, waiting near the place in hiding until she comes and sees it. She reads her doom, and is willing to be slain, but denounces his cruelty and foretells that" the heavens bring to light this crime." He murders her, and buries the body. She is believed to have been stolen away, but as time wears on a rose-bush grows from her grave, and excites curiosity and wonder. He, too, comes to view the marvel, and is betrayed by his own incautious words (like the murderers in Schiller's 'Cranes of lbycus, and Kichard Houseman in the true story of Eugene Aram).
"The leaves faded from off the bush, the rose within his hand did die;
He said, 'Eosanna's blood, [it is !] which springs up from her fair body.'
Many people that were there took notice of what he did say,
And said he had a murder done; and the truth he told without delay.
They dug, and found the body there, the first of June, it is well known;
Before a Magistrate he went, and in a prison he doth moan,
'Till he punishment receives: no doubt but he will have his due.
Young men, by this a warning take: keep your vows whate'er you do.
For God doth find out many ways such heinous crimes to bring to light;
For murder it is a crying sin, and hateful in His blessed sight."
Finis.
Printed in Aldermary Cburch-yard, London.
There is another ' Oxfordshire Tragedy,' with sub-title of, 'The Death of Four Lovers.' Printed and sold in Sow Church-yard, London. 'I o the tune of, As our King lay mining on his bed (given ill Willm. Chappell's National English Airs, p. 123, music in vol. ii. p. 78); in Lindesiana Collection, No. 865, and elsewhere. It begins, " Near Woodstock town in Oxfordshire, As I walked forth to take the air, To view the fields and meadows round, Methought I heard a mournful sound." In Four Parts, being more of Garland verse than ballad proper. See Popular Music, p. 191, where two Parts are given. It is quite distinct in subject from our Roxburghe 'Oxfordshire Tragedy.' Similar, in the chief incident is the 'Story of a Criminal: Martin Faber.' Wo read it, fifty-tour years ago, in 'The Somancist and Novelists' Library, No. 26, 1839. It was written by the author of ' The Yamassee' and of * Palaye the Goth,' and displayed considerable power and skill. It resembled the story of the Oxford student, which had been already revived by Thomas Lovell Beddoes in 1822; but it made the murderer betray himself by an excess of cunning, after being goaded to half reveal his secret to a friend, and ultimately perish miserably in prison. There were elements of poetry in this ' Story of a Criminal,' as also in Gerard Griffin's Irish talo of 'The Collegians,' said to be a true tale, dramatized later by Dion Boucicault as 'The Colleen Bawn.' But the Koxb. ballad of the Downfall of William Grismond shows nothing of poetry or pathos, beyond the darkness of brutal sin, as in the ordinary depravity of " The Newgate Calendar' of crime and retribulion It was a fit record of an incident, the outcome of the first year after the murder and ' martyrdom' of King Charles I. Grismond had been a Cromwellian.
His futile attempt to escape by 6ea, and his arousing suspicion that a murderer is on the board ship (stanzas 12, 13, p. 72), find re-embodiment in 'The Gosport Tragedy ' of our final Nautical Group. (Itoxb. Coll., III. 510.)
Another lover, "Sir William, a knight of six thousand a year," betrays "fair Susan of Somersetshire," without directly murdering her afterwards, although he no less causes her death. The ballad of this wronged Lady belongs to 1676, and is given a little later in the same Group.
Additional Note on this ballad of William Grismond, belonging to p. 71. [In Black-letter. Three woodcuts: 1st, the murder of a little Girl in a Wood; 2nd, a man, hanging; 3rd, the Ship, vol. vii. p. 524. The second exemplar, Roxb. Coll., III. 606, is a modern reprint, bearing the colophon ' Newcastle, Printed and sold by John White, at his House at the Head of the Painter, Heugh.' Euing's bears the name of W. Gilberlson before that of Wright; after those of Coles and Vert. Bagford, p. for W. Onlty. Original date, 165?.]
[Roxburghe Coll., III. 33, and 606; Bagford, II. 47, 70; Rawlinson, 180; Euing, 61; Wood, 401; Douce, I. 57 vo.; Jersey, II. 186 = Lindes., 914.]
The Downfall Of William Grismond;
Or,
A Lamentable Murther by Him committed at Lainterdine, in the Couty of Hereford, the 12th of March, 1650, with his woful Lamentation.
The Tune Is, Where is my Love? etc.
O Come, you wilful young men, and hear what I shall tell;
My name is William Grismond, at Lainterdine did dwell:
0 there I did a Murther, as it is known full well,
And for mine offence must I dye.
There was a Neighbour's daughter that lived there hard by,
Whom I had promis'd marriage, and with her I did lye.
I did dissemble with her, my lust to satisfie,
And for [mine offence I must dye. sic, passim.} 8
I had my pleasure on her, I had my lewd desire,
The using of her body was that I did require;
I was ore-come and snared, by him that was a Lyar.
And for, etc.
She claimed of me marriage, and said she was with child,
Saying, "Marry me, sweet William, now you have me defil'd:
If you do now forsake me, I utterly am spoyl'd." 16
"When she had us'd these speeches, my anger did arise,
And then to work her overthrow I quickly did devise;
"What though her words were honest, yet I did them despise.
O mark how it did happen, this H[o]uswife being poor,
And I who was my Father's heir, her words did urge me sore:
For I could have another, with gold and silver store. 24
My Father and my Mother I knew would not consent;
If I had married with her I knew I should be shent: [shamed.
Then unto wicked Murther my heart was fully bent.
In flattering sort I brought her into a field of Broom;
And when we both together into the field was come,
I had my pleasure with her, and then I was her doom:
And for mine offence I must dye. 32
Then in the Broom I kill'd her, with my accursed knife;
There hatefully I kill'd her, who lov'd me as her life:
I cut her throat, I kill'd her, who should have been my wife:
And for mine offence I must die].
Three days she lay there, murdered, before that she was found;
But when the neighbours searching, within that brooray ground,
[They] did find her there, uncovered, and with a bloody wound. 40
The neighbours having found her, where I did do this deed,
There in the Broom they found her, where I her blood did shed;
But when I did perceive that, I ran away with speed.
No sooner had they found her, but away I did go;
And thought to go to Ireland, the very truth is so:
But God He would not suffer me to run my Country through: 48
Yet I was got on Ship-board, as you may understand;
But when the Ship was troubled, I must go buck to Land;
I could not pass away so, with guilty heart and hand.
"There is some wicked person," the Shipmen they did say,
"Within the Ship, we know it, that cannot pass away:
"We must return to Land here, and make no more delay." 56
Then near unto Westchester, I taken was at last,
And then in Chester Prison, I suddenly was cast:
Prom thence brought unto Hereford, to answer what is past,
And [for mine offence I must die.]
But then my loving Father his gold he did not spare,
To save me from the Gallows; he had of me great care:
But it would not be granted, the Gallows was my share. 64
My fault it was so hanious, it would not granted be; [ = heinous.
I must for an example hang on the Gallows tree:
God grant that I a warning for all young men may be.
O my dear loving Father, he was to me most kind;
He brought me up most costly, so was his tender mind;
But I indeed to lewdness was too too much inclin'd. 72
He brought me up in learning, his love was to me still;
He thought it all too little he did bestow on Will;
But when he lookt for comfort, his heart I then did kill.
I might have had a Marriage, my Father to content,
And that my loving mother would give her heart's consent;
But I have took such courses, duth make us all repent. 80
Now young men, take warning, you see my fault is great;
0 call to God for mercy, God's grace do you intreat:
I might have lived bruvely and had a gallant seat.
0 Lord, I now crave pardon, with a relenting heart,
I know my sins are hanious, I'm very sorry for't:
Alas! I have deserved a very hard report,
And for mine offence must I dye. Finis. 88
Printed for F. Coles, T. Fere, and J. Wright. [B.-L. See Note, p. 69. J Roxb. Coll., III. 28 and 31; Pepys, II. 197; Euing, 320; Wood, 401, fol. 143.]
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"Captain Glen's Unhappy Voyage to New Barbary" reprinted in A pedlar's Pack of Ballads and Songs: With illustrative notes - Page 47 by William Hugh Logan, James Maidment - 1869.
CAPTAIN GLEN'S UNHAPPY VOYAGE TO NEW BARBARY.
THIS "unhappy voyage" has been reprinted from a broadside circa 1815, and collated with a copy bearing date 1794- A copy is among the Roxburghe Ballads, with a conjectured date. There is no reason to believe otherwise than that the story is a mere fiction. At all events, no trace has as yet been found of even the existence of a Captain Glen.
The ballad is illustrative of the superstitions of seamen, whose firm belief in the supernatural is pretty general. The late Mr. O. Smith, the eminent actor, who has never been rivalled in melodramatic ruffians and stage demons, was in his youth in the merchant service. On one occasion, some years ago, he related in my presence this story. When the vessel to which he belonged was lying off the coast of Africa, the mate went ashore to remain all night. Mr. Smith took possession of this man's cot, it being more comfortable than his own, and as the bright moonlight streamed down through the hatchway he felt little inclination to sleep. By and by a figure appeared between him and the light. He averred that he then distinctly saw at the hatchway what he supposed to be the mate returned. This gave him no concern, for the mate was a person he was in the habit of constantly seeing, so he turned on his side and fell asleep. Next morning news arrived that at the particular time the appearance or apparition had been seen by him, the mate had been murdered by the natives. Mr. Smith was seriously under the impression that he had seen the tenant of another world; and, like Sir Walter Scott, his belief in ghosts remained unshaken to the last.
The superstition of the elements being quieted by the captain being pitched overboard, is older than the days of Jonah.
It were needless here to particularize all the "authenticated" accounts of the appearance of apparitions to living persons. Those who are curious in such matters, are referred to Hogg's Wonderful Magazine, 5 vols. 8vo., 1793-4, and to the "Terrific Register," 2 vols. 8vo., 1824.
There was a ship, and a ship of fame,
Launched off the stocks, bound to the main,
With an hundred and fifty brisk young men,
Well picked and chosen every one.
William Glen was our captain's name;
He was a brisk and tall young man,
As bold a sailor as e'er went to sea,
And he was bound for New Barbary.
The first of April we did set sail,
Blest with a sweet and pleasant gale,
For we were bound for New Barbary,
With all our whole ship's company.* [see footnote at bottom]
One night the captain he did dream,
There came a voice which said to him:
"Prepare you and your company,
To-morrow night you 'll lodge with me."
This waked the captain in a fright,
Being the third watch of the night,
Then for his boatswain he did call,
And told to him his secrets all.
"When I in England did remain,
The holy Sabbath I did profane;
In drunkenness I took delight,
Which doth my trembling soul affright.
"There's one thing more I've to rehearse,
Which I shall mention in this verse:
A squire I slew in Staffordshire,
All for the sake of a lady dear.
"Now, 'tis his ghost, I am afraid,
That hath to me such terror made;
Although the king hath pardoned me,
He's daily in my company."
"O worthy captain, since 'tis so,
No mortal of it e'er shall know;
So keep your secret in your breast,
And pray to God to give you rest."
They had not sailed a league but three,
Till raging grew the roaring sea;
There rose a tempest in the skies,
Which filled our hearts with great surprise.
Our main-mast sprung by break of day,
Which made our rigging all give way;
This did our seamen sore affright.
The terrors of that fatal night!
Up then spoke our fore-mast man,
As he did by the fore-mast stand,—
He cried, "Have mercy on my soul!"
Then to the bottom he did fall.
The sea did wash both fore and aft,
Till scarce one sail on board was left;
Our yards were split, and our rigging tore:
The like was never seen before.
The boatswain then he did declare
The captain was a murderer,
Which did enrage the whole ship's crew;
Our captain overboard we threw.
Our treacherous captain being gone,
Immediately there was a calm;
The winds did cease, and the raging sea,
As we went to New Barbary.
Now when we came to the Spanish shore,
Our goodly ship for to repair,
The people were amazed to see
Our dismal case and misery.
But when our ship we did repair,
To fair England our course did steer;
And when we came to London town,
Our dismal case was then made known.
Now many wives their husbands lost,
Which they lamented to their cost,
And caused them to weep bitterly,
These tidings from New Barbary.
A hundred and fifty brisk young men,
Did to our goodly ship belong;
Of all our whole ship's company,
Our number was but seventy-three.
Now seamen all, where'er you be,
I pray a warning take by me;
As you love your life, still have a care
That you never sail with a murderer.
'Tis never more I do intend
For to cross o'er the raging main;
But I'll live in peace in my own country,
And so I end my Tragedy.
Footnote:
* In the edition of 1794 this stanza occurs here:
We had not sailed a day but two,
Till all our whole ship's jovial crew,
They all fell sick but sixty-three,
As we went to New Barbary.
The music of this ballad will be found in the appendix to Motherwell's Minstrelsy, where this stanza only is quoted, with the difference of "league" in the first line for "day." "This common stall ballad," he remarks, "is generally sung to the tune now given." Glasgow, 1827. 41o.
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The Forget-Me-Not Songsters and Their Role in the American Folksong Tradition
Norm Cohen
American Music, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Summer, 2005), pp. 137-219
14. "Captain Glen" [Laws K 22a] A reference in Roxburghe Ballads, where the ballad is titled "An Excellent New Song, entitled Captain Glen," dates the piece to ca. 1770.[90] The songster text is almost identical with one that Logan says was published on a broadside bearing the date 1794. [91] Lowens's no. 247 is a songster/song with the title, "Captain Glen's Unhappy Voyage to New Barbary," published July 1803, probably in Philadelphia. Compare also Ford no. 3003.[92] In the ballad William Glen confesses to murder and the crew throws him overboard to calm the storm. In spite of its appearance in numerous nineteenth-century American songsters and broadsides, the ballad has not often been recovered from oral tradition. A Nova Scotian version, surely learned from the FMNS, is given by Mackenzie, who considers "The New York Trader" almost certainly to be a rewriting of "Captain Glen."[93] Other recovered texts are from Nova Scotia and North Carolina.[94] This is one of the few texts that varies in different editions of the FMNS: In Type IIa editions there are numerous small differences and the final stanza is missing; furthermore, in one of them (LC 1840a) the second and third pages are out of order.
90. William Chappell, ed., Roxburghe Ballads (1869;1 877;r pt., New York:A MS Press, 1966), 8:141.
91. W.H . Logan, A Pedlar's Pack of Ballads and Songs (Edinburgh: William Paterson, 1869), 47.
92. Ford, Broadsides, Ballads & c., 403.
93. Mackenzie, Ballads and Sea Songs from Nova Scotia 2, 39-40. The text is word for word identical with the text of the non-IIa editions.
94. Creighton, SBNS, 111; Chappell, FSRA, 6