Bessie Bell & Mary Gray- Grinnan (VA) 1916 Davis A
[Davis A, from Traditional Ballads of Virginia, 1929, is an exact replication of the English nursery rhyme (Halliwell: 1842). The same rhyme was published in Mother Goose's Melodies (James Miller, N.Y., 1869) and appeared in The Nursery Rhyme Book edited by Andrew Lang 1897, quoted as follows,
The Nursery Rhyme Book edited by Andrew Lang 1897:
BESSY BELL and Mary Gray,
They were two bonny lasses;
They built their house upon the lea,
And covered it with rashes.
Bessy kept the garden gate,
And Mary kept the pantry;
Bessy always had to wait,
While Mary lived in plenty.
Following are Davis' extensive notes.
R. Matteson 2013, 2016]
NOTES: TRADITIONAL BALLADS OF VIRGINIA; Davis, 1929
38 BESSY BELL AND MARY GRAY
(Child, No. 201)
Except for the one West Virginia fragment, the four Virginia fragments are the only texts of this ballad recorded in America. The first stanza, generally found alone, seems to be fairly well known in the state. It accords very closely with the first stanza of the Child text. The second stanza of Virginia A does not appear in the Child version, seems, indeed, rather out of key with it. Its place, if any, in the four stanzas of the Child version would be between the second and third stanzas.
The two names celebrated by the ballad survive in Virginia not only in oral tradition but also as place names, applied to the two graceful little mountains which dominate the city of Staunton, in Augusta County. These names, however, may not have been taken directly from the ballad, but from two hills or mountains named from the ballad heroines in the County of Tyrone, Ire-
land. Waddell's Annals of Augusta County, pp. 362-364, recounts the story of the Scottish ballad, with a quotation from its first stanza, and records that "these names were carried from Scotland to Ireland, and applied to two mountains in County Tyrone, near the town of Omagh; and by our Scotch-Irish ancestors they were brought to the Valley of Virginia." See also Peyton's
History of Augusta County, p. 106. A most interesting letter (of December 15, 1913) about this ballad and its local currency has been received from a distinguished Virginian who is a resident of Staunton, Mr. Armistead C. Gordon, who says: "The ballad of 'Bessie Bell and Mary Gray', as you know, contains the versified legend from which the two little mountains near Staunton
take their names. The fact that these names mark the path of migration along which the Scotch settlers of the Valley of Virginia came on their way from Ayrshire to Ulster and thence to Virginia is more widely known than is the old ballad itself. These names were carried from Scotland to Ireland and applied to two mountains in County Tyrone, near the town of Omagh; and
by the immigrants into the Valley from the North of Ireland in the first half of the eighteenth century they were brought to Augusta County. Other early settlers called another hill in Bath County, on the Cowpasture River, about a mile below Windy Cove Church, by the name of Betsie Bell or Bessie Bell, showing thereby how they cherished the associations of their former life in the old country. It would seem that the historical impression made by these names would have tended to preserve the ballad itself, but I have found no indication of its having done so. When I came to Augusta County to live, now nearly thirty-five years ago, I heard in a family where I frequently was a visitor, and among whose members were some elderly ladies, a variant of this ballad that I have never seen in print, and which does not appear either in Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe's Ballads, nor in those in the smaller book of Dr. F. J. Child. This variant consists of a fifth verse, as follows:
Bessie kept the garden gate,
And Mary kept the pantry;
Bessie always had to wait,
While Mary lived in plenty.
This verse, however, I have no doubt, came to the old lady who recited it, not through tradition but out of a curious little volume of Scotch Ballads belonging to her husband, was a Scotchman and which unfortunately disappeared many years ago."[1]
Professor Jaines M. Grainger also gives an interesting if less well-established tradition concerning the names, "You know also I have no doubt, of the two mountains near Staunton which are known as Bessy Bell and Mary Gray. Tradition says that two girls by these names were lost on the mountains, and being caught by wolves, one was killed on Bessie Bell and the other on Mary Gray. This is very interesting to me as evidence of a familiarity with the ballad in that section. Several people have told me they had known the first stanza of the ballad all their lives, but had no idea it was a ballad." This tradition about the mountains takes no account of the ballad origin of the names, and is therefore hardly to be trusted.
The original Scottish tradition on which the ballad story is founded is to the effect that the two girls were intimate friends, Mary Gray's father being laird of Lednock and Bessie Bell's of Kinvaid; that while Bessie Bell was on a visit to Mary Grey, around 1645, the plague broke out and the two sought refuge from it by building themselves a bower near Lednock House, where for some time they lived; but before long the plague overwhelmed them, the infection being brought, it is said, by a young man who was in love with one or both of them and who were accustomed to bring them food; they were buried near the lower, in a spot which has been marked and is frequently visited by Pilgrims.
The Virginia fragments are reported in Bulletin, No. 5, p. 9 and No. 9, p. 7, and in C. A. Smith, p. 2. Add Cox, No. 22. For additional references see Cox, P. 134 and Journal, XXX, 325. Virginia B was the first text of this ballad to be found in America. No melody, Virginian or American, has been recorded.
A. "Bessie Bell and Mary Gray." Contributed by Mrs. G.B. Grinnan University, Va., Glouchester County, August 11, 1916.
1 Bessie Bell and Mary Gray,
They were twa bonnie lassies;
They built a house upon the lea,
And covered it with rushes.
2. Bessie kept the garden gate,
And Mary kept the pantry;
Bessie always came too late,
While Mary live in plenty.[2]
1 The rest of the letter is of more general interest, and may be relegated to a foot-note: "I fancy that it is for the most part among the ignorant or illiterate, untouched by the influences of the printing press, that variants of the old ballads will be found to have come down by tradition in America, The people of this immediate section, as far as my observation goes, seem to have brought very little, if any, of the ballad tradition with them from the old county, but the historical and religious tradition is still strong among them; and since my first coming here I have heard us a contemporary story of a nurse hushing a crying child with the threat to 'Make Claverse catch it.' I am also told that the gentleman known in Scotland as 'the de'il' is sometimes mentioned in staunch Presbyterian households in the valley of Virginia as 'the old Clavers'; but I do not vouch for this for I am not sure that I have ever heard the spoken expression."
2 Compare the stanza in Mr. Gordon's letter, quoted in the head-note above