|
Bully of the Town
Old-Time, Country Rag and Song Tune. Georgia, North Carolina, West Virginia, Arkansas, Arizona, Missouri, Northeast Tenn. Widely Spread- Two Versions;
ARTIST: Based on Original written by Charles E. Trevathan (May Irwin) from folk sources in 1895 for stage show.
CATEGORY: Fiddle and Instrumental Tune s DATE: Origin mid to late 1800’s.
OTHER NAMES: I'm Looking for that Bully of the Town; Back to the Blue Ridge; Bully Song; New Bully; New Bully of the Town; Looking For the Bully of the Town.
RECORDING INFO: County 526, "The Skillet Lickers, Vol. 1" (1973. Orig. rec. 1926). Gennett 6447 (78 RPM), 1928, Tweedy Brothers (W.Va. brothers Harry, Charles, and George who played twin fiddles and piano). Marimac 9017, Vesta Johnson (Mo.) - "Down Home Rag." Rounder Records, Gid Tanner and His Skillet Lickers - "The Kickapoo Medicine Show" (appears as the 4th tune of the Kickapoo Medecine Show skit). Anderson, Bob; and the Country Ramblers. Indiana Hoedown, Puritan 5003, LP (1973), cut#A.04. Arita, Yoshihiro. 52nd Annual Old Fiddlers Convention Galax, Va 1987, Heritage (Galax) 704, LP (1988), cut# 15. Baker, Etta. Instrumental Music of the Southern Appalachians, Tradition TR 1007, LP (1956), cut# 19. Berst, Mike. Favorite American Melodies, Vol. 1, Berst TT 01, Cas (1988), cut# 8. Blake, Norman. Home in Sulphur Springs, Rounder 0012, LP (1972), cut# 1. Carter, Maybelle (Mother Maybelle). Mother Maybelle Carter, Hilltop JS-6172, LP (198?), cut#B.02. Clemens, Alice. Fiddlin' Fever, UCA, LP (197?), cut# 5. Cox, Gene (Eugene). American Hammer Dulcimer, Troubadour TR-6, LP (1978), cut# 18a. Dillard, Douglas. Banjo Album, Together STT 1003, LP (197?), cut#B.02. Harkreader, Sid; & Grady Moore. Paramount Old Time Tunes, JEMF 103, LP (197?), cut#A.02. Highwoods String Band. Fire on the Mountain, Rounder 0023, LP (1973), cut# 10. Holy Modal Rounders. Holy Modal Rounders, Fantasy 24711, LP (1972), cut#2.06. Hotmud Family. Stone Mountain Wobble, Vetco LP 503, LP (1974), cut#B.05. Hunter, Ernie. All About Fiddling, Stoneway STY-143, LP (197?), cut#B.04. Irwin, May. Minstrels and Tunesmiths, JEMF 109, LP (1981), cut#B.05 (Bully). Johnson, Earl; and his Clodhoppers. Red Hot Breakdown, County 543, LP (1976), cut#B.05. Johnson, Vesta. Down Home Rag, Marimac 9017, Cas (1988), cut# 20. Leadbelly. Leadbelly's Last Sessions, Part 4, Folkways FA 2942, LP (196?), cut# 16. Macon, Uncle Dave. At Home, His Last Recordings, 1950., Bear Family LC 15214, LP (1987), cut# 3. Poston, Mutt; and the Farm Hands. Hoe Down! Vol. 7. Fiddlin' Mutt Poston and the Farm Hands, Rural Rhythm RRFT 157, LP (197?), cut#A.09. Ryan, Buck. Draggin' the Bow, Rebel SLP 1552, LP (1976), cut# 5. Skillet Lickers. Skillet Lickers, Vol. 2, County 526, LP (197?), cut# 9. Skillet Lickers. Day in the Mountains, County 512, LP (196?), cut# 3a (Fiddler's Convention in Georgia). Smathers, Luke; String Band. In Full Swing, June Appal JA 0032, LP (1981), cut# 11. Stinnett, Cyril. Salty River Reel, MSOTFA 104, Cas (1992), cut# 5. Stringbean (David Ackerman). Stringbean and His Banjo. A Salute to Uncle Dave Macon, Starday SLP 215, LP (196?), cut# 9. Thomas, Henry (Ragtime Texas Henry). Texas Worried Blues, Yazoo 1080/1, LP (1989), 7c (Bob McKinney).
SOURCES: Bully of the Town –(Laws I14) Laws describes "The (New) Bully" (for which cf. Spaeth, Read 'Em and Weep, pp. 193-195, or Gilbert, pp. 209-210) as an offshoot of this traditional piece.; Phillips (Traditional American Fiddle Tunes), Vol. 2, 1995; pg. 26. Ruth (Pioneer Western Folk Tunes), 1948; No. 96, pg. 34. Native American Balladry, Amer. Folklore Society, Bk (1964), p253; Leach, p. 767, "Lookin' for the Bully of the Town;" Kuntz, Fiddler's Companion, http://www.ceolas.org/tunes/fc;
NOTES: "G Major. Standard. AABB. The song "Bully of the Town" was originally written by Charles E. Trevathan (a southern sports writer, horse judge and amateur musician) in 1895 for the stage show "The Widow Jones" which opened at the Bijou Theater, New York City that September. It was sung in the production by Trevathan's girl-friend, May Irwin. "Bully of the Town" is mentioned as one of the frequently played tunes in a 1931 account of a LaFollette, northeast Tennessee fiddlers' contest. It was in the repertoire of Skillet Licker fiddler Clayton McMichen (Ga.) who recorded the tune with that group in a triple fiddle version at their first recording session in 1926. Musicologist/folklorist Vance Randolph recorded the tune from Ozark Mountain fiddlers for the Library of Congress in the early 1940's. John Garst finds that the song "Bully of the Town" was developed from an earlier blues ballad called "Ella Speed," based on a real-life incident in New Orleans in the middle years of the "Gay 90's." Garst relates that in September, 1894, Ella was a twenty-eight year old black or mullato prostitute living in a "sporting house" on what is now Iberville Street in the French Quarter. She was the object of the obsessive attentions of Louis "Bull" Martin or Martini, a bartending white Italian-American whom she had met several months previously at another establishment, and who wanted to set her up in an apartment as his mistress, a not uncommon arrangement at the time. Ella, however was lukewarm to him-she liked his money, but didn't care much for the man-and at any rate, she already had a husband, one Willie Speed. Louis was a bully who had been arrested and tried on three separate occasions on assault and battery charges, and who at the time of the murder was wanted by the constable for yet another brutal beating, that of an elderly black man near his place of work. Louis reportedly became enraged at the thought that she might be fond of another man (whether Willie or not). One night, after a day spent recreating, dining and drinking, they returned late to the bordello in which she was staying and, feeling the effects of their partying, retired at around 2:00 AM. The next time Ella was seen was in the morning when she screamed and emerged from her second story room, saying "Help me, Miss Pauline!, Louis shot me!" She collapsed in the hallway, just as the onrushing Madame spied Louis in the doorway, holding a smoking pistol. Louis disappeared, and soon a deputy arrived followed by an ambulance; but too late, for Ella had been shot through the breast with the bullet piecing her heart, left lung and liver, from which wounds she soon bleed to death. A manhunt was raised to find Louis, who after a day turned himself in at the residence of a police Captain. He was arrested, held and charged with murder. After a trial a jury found him guilty of manslaughter, despite Louis's claim the shooting was an accident, and if Louis had counted on getting off easy with the reduced finding he was mistaken, for Judge John H. Ferguson (originally from Massachusetts) sentenced him to twenty years in prison, which Garst says was a stiff sentence for the time. Garst thinks that the song "Ella Speed" appeared soon after the initial shooting and was based on newspaper accounts. "Ella Speed" appears in the collected papers of John A. Lomax (in a Texas version from 1909) and Carl Sandburg included it in his volume American Songbag (1927). Under the title "Bill Martin and Ella Speed," it was recorded several times by Leadbelly between 1933 and 1950, and in fact was recorded by several blues performers, including Mance Lipscomb, Tom Shaw, Tricky Same, Finious Rockmore, Lightnin' Hopkins and Jewel Long (as researched by John Cowley). Garst bases his hypothesis that "Ella Speed" was the model for "Bully of the Town" on three points: 1) the fact that "Bully" appeared a year or two after the "Ella" song, 2) the fact that Louis was a bully and the subject of a massive police hunt, as intimated in both songs, and 3) the similarity between the melodies of "Ella" and "Bully." He believes Trevathan heard "Ella Speed" from a black musician friend named Cooley, and that Trevathan substantially rewrote it, ending up with "Bully of the Town" (Trevathan gave several accounts of how he came to write the song)."(Kuntz, Fiddler's Companion, http://www.ceolas.org/tunes/fc).
MORE NOTES: Sports writer and horse racing judge, Charles E. Trevathan, on the train back to Chicago from San Francisco in 1894, playing his guitar and humming popular airs to amuse the passengers around him among whom was May Irwin. He said he had learned the tune of "The Bully" from Tennessee blacks. Irwin suggested that he put words to the tune, which he did, and published it in 1896. She incorporated the song in her stage play, "The Widow Jones." She first performed it on Sep. 16th 1895 in the Bijou theatre in New York . The song was popularized before Trevanthan got it by 'Mama Lou,' a short, fat, homely, belligerent powerhouse of a singer in Babe Connor's classy St. Louis brothel, a popular establishment in the 1890s that drew from all social classes for its clientele. Either Trevathan picked up the song from Mama Lou or learned it from black oral tradition in the South of the early 1890s. There were several sheet music versions of 'The Bully' published, some preceding Trevathan's 1896 version. May Irwin later raised cattle in the 1000 islands, and is reputed to be the originator of Thousand Island Dressing.
EVEN MORE NOTES: In the Original lyrics (Version 1) contain the phrase- "I coonjined in the front door, the coons were prancin' high, for dat levee darky I skinned my foxy eye…" Here’s an explanation of the term coonjined from Mudcat, “Yesterday I stumbled onto a book in a second hand shop that explained that term. The book is "John Henry" by Roark Bradford, printed in 1935. It's a 225-page novel that seems to tell the story of John Henry, written in African-American dialect, and uses lyrics from a lot of folk and blues songs as part of the text. In idly flipping through it, my eye fell on a chapter headed "Coonjine" – and there it was! Coonjine was a step used by levee workers as they rolled (or in John Henry's case carried) 500-pound bales of cotton up the long springy planks from docks onto the boats. From the book – "And so John Henry got a spring in his knees and a weave in his hips, and a buck in his back… 'Jine it, you coon, jine it!' said the mate. 'Grab your cotton and jine that step!'
NO MORE NOTES: "Coonjine" was the term used by roustabouts for the hurried, but very carefully balanced walk used when carrying a heavy load to or from the decks of a steamboat. Some informant described it to Mary Wheeler (author of Steamboatin' Days) as resembling the movement of a raccoon on a slender branch. Too much bouncing up and down on a quite springy plank was likely to toss the roustabout and his load into the river.
LYRICS:
Have you heard about that bully that's just come to town
He's out among the poor folks, just layin' their bodies down
I'm lookin' for that bully and he must be found.
Now I'm a Tennessee rounder, and I simply don't allow
No red-eyed river roustabout with me to raise a row
I'm lookin' for that bully and I'll make him bow.
CHORUS: Well I've walked this levee round, round, round
Lookin' for that bully of the town, town, town
Well I've walked this levee round, Lookin' for that bully of the town.
I'm a gonna take my razor, I'm a gonna cut him bad
It'll be the worstest cuttin' that bully ever had
I'm lookin' for that bully of the town.
Well my razor was a flyin', his gun began to squawk
I lit upon that bully just like a sparrow hawk
And that bully was just dyin' to take a walk.
CHORUS:
When I got through with bully, a doctor and a nurse
Weren't no good to bully, so they put him in a hearse
A cyclone couldn't have tore him up much worse.
Now you never hear about that bully that treated folks so free
Go down upon the levee and his face you'll never see
There's only one boss bully here, that's me!
CHORUS:
|